Tuesday, March 12, 2013

Monday, March 11th 2013

Right-click here for hands and results.


Board 3
South Deals
E-W Vul
A 9 7 6 4
J 8 6 4 3
5
J 5
K J 5
K 10
A K Q 8 7 6
K 6
N
WE
S
10 8 2
A 9 7
10 4 3
A Q 7 4
Q 3
Q 5 2
J 9 2
10 9 8 3 2

West has a semi-balanced 19 with strong diamonds and three side Kings. West should want to play the hand in notrump, either upgrading the hand to a 2NT opening or starting with 1D and planning a 3NT rebid if partner responds. A (non-forcing) rebid of three diamonds would not do justice to this hand, and you certainly want the lead coming up to those Kings.

In either case, East is a bit short of slam values: 10+20 = 30, or 8 tricks + 3 = 11. An opening spade lead or succesful guess by declarer yields 12 tricks, but this isn’t a clear slam hand.


Board 8
West Deals
None Vul
8 6 5
K J 2
8 6
A Q 9 8 5
7 2
A Q 10 9 6 3
7 3
7 6 3
N
WE
S
A Q J 9 3
8
K J 10 5 4
K 10
K 10 4
7 5 4
A Q 9 2
J 4 2
Board 8: West opens 2H and that ought to end the auction! Sure, East has a fine opening bid, but partner has below opening bid strength. When partner announces a relatively weak hand with length opposite your singleton, pass smoothly. Mel Calchimaro suggests a “Rule of 17” opposite a weak two – add your high card points and length in partner’s suit; if the total is less than 17, pass. Today’s East counts 14+1 heart; there is no fit and little luck. Add any Queen to East’s hand and he can try 2S, forcing; partner may have three-card support. But when West rebids 3H East should pass that. You need a “Mel” 19 or 20 to force to game opposite a minimum weak two. Also, shortness in partner’s suit generally suggests making that trumps, unless you can count nine tricks at notrump with little help from partner. Sure, partner may have an extra trump loser, but the fifth and sixth cards in his suit will be useful as trumps and useless at any other contract.

Quiz time: partner opens 2H and you have AKxx x AKxx AKxx. What do you bid? If you can count on partner for a reasonable suit, bid 4H. If not, ask for more information with 2NT; but 3NT will be hopeless unless partner has values outside of hearts. For those playing Ogust, bid 3NT opposite any “poor suit” response and 4H opposite any good suit.

One thing that puzzles me is how many players do not recognize 6-2 as a fine trump suit and 6-1 as playable. Everyone is eager to find a 5-3 fit, but 6-2 is generally stronger and 6-1 merely requires deducting a point or two.


Board 11
South Deals
None Vul
A K 9 8
6
K 9 3
K Q 8 5 2
6 3 2
K J 4 3
Q J 8 7
9 3
N
WE
S
Q J 10 7
10 9 8 7 2
6 5 2
6
5 4
A Q 5
A 10 4
A J 10 7 4

South opens 1NT and North responds 2C, Stayman. South replies 2D to deny a major; North,  with a five loser hand, visualizes slam in clubs unless partner has precisely 3-3-5-2 shape, or two aces are missing. After a Stayman or transfer bid, it is standard and vital to play 3 of a new suit as forcing, to allow exploration on hands such as these. North rebids 3C, catching South with five-card support. But “game before slam” still applies; North’s bid was game-forcing but the goal is usually 3NT, not five or six of a minor. South bids 3H as a notrump probe; this may cover responder’s short suit and allow him to bid 3NT. (South has already denied four hearts so this bid cannot be mistaken for a real suit.) Now the bidding gets murky – North would like to confirm a club fit and check on Aces; how to proceed? I think North can safely assume a fit – with that 3-3-5-2 shape, South would probably have bid 3D over 3C. But would 4NT be ace-asking or a quantitative slam invitation? It’s easy to construct hands that would prefer either interpretation, and few partnerships have clear agreements. I suggest that you decide when Gerber applies; 4NT should never be Blackwood when a Gerber 4C bid was available. And then agree that all doubtful cases are Blackwood when no Gerber bid is available, or agree that notrump over notrump is always quantitative. I usually restrict Gerber to Jump Over Notrump Only ("JONTO", Gerber is a 4C bid if and only if partner's last bid was 1NT or 2NT) or Jump After Notrump Only ("JANTO", as above but also jumps to 4C after opener replies to a Stayman inquiry.)

Under any such agreement Gerber won't be an option here (no jump), so North can jump to 4NT, confident partner will respond with Aces or perhaps club key-cards. With no clear agreement, I think North should still try 4NT on the basis that partner will be more likely to bid slam with a club fit and/or two Aces than otherwise, and if partner passes 4NT may be high enough.

South shows 3 Aces; North may settle for 6C or aim for grand slam with 5NT. That confirms all the Aces or all five key cards plus the Queen, but North cannot really count 13 tricks even if partner has clubs, three Aces and a King; and there may be only 11 tricks at notrump, so any response to 5NT other than 6C may land the partnership too high. Reflecting that this isn’t an easy slam to bid, I think 6C is enough. Although there is some sort of squeeze to make 13 tricks, I would expect declarer pull trumps, ruff two spades in dummy and try the losing heart finesse. With only 10 or 11 tricks available in notrump on a black-suit lead, +920 scored 11 out of 12 matchpoints.


Board 17
North Deals
None Vul
8 2
J 9 8 5 2
K J 7
7 6 4
A K Q 4
K
10 3
A K J 10 5 3
N
WE
S
J 10 3
A 10 6 4 3
5 2
Q 9 2
9 7 6 5
Q 7
A Q 9 8 6 4
8


In first or second seat South should be reluctant to open a weak two with a side four-card major; I might break the rule with a stronger suit but AQ empty is not a suit that “must be bid.” I third seat, however, I would open 2D, leaning more toward preemption opposite a passed hand. If 2D has been assigned some other meaning, South might try a light 1D or an aggressive 3D; I would certainly hate to pass.

Two diamonds gives West a serious problem – 3C does not do justice to the hand, 4C (strong over a weak bid) risks buring a spade fit, and doubling invites partner to leap in hearts. I try to avoid doubling with a singleton in an unbid suit, especially a major, but here that looks like the least evil choice. North raises (preemptively) to 3D; now East has a problem – he’d like to bid hearts but 7 hcp is a bit thin to volunteer the three level. The fifth heart tips the balance and East tries 3H. South has nothing further to say; West shows his powerhouse with 4C or 5C. In a partnership where it is clearly understood that double-then-bid shows a powerful hand 4C is best in case partner can support spades – though the responder to a takeout double should generally bid spades before hearts. East, with good support and a side Ace, raises to game (and should be wondering if there’s a slam.) The defense collects two diamond tricks. As it happens, spades also makes 11 tricks with the solid 4-3 fit and doubleton club in dummy.


Board 32
West Deals
E-W Vul
J 6 5 3
K Q 10 6 5
10
K Q 4
8 7 2
8 3
K 9 7 3 2
A 7 2
N
WE
S
A Q 9
J 9 2
8 5
10 8 6 5 3
K 10 4
A 7 4
A Q J 6 4
J 9
South opens 1NT. North should use Stayman, not a transfer, planning to raise either major to game; when South replies 2D, North jumps in hearts to show game values and 4-5 shape. (Smolen bidders jump in the shorter major, gaining a transfer effect, but this is not a terribly important gadget.) South raises to 4H. East can picture South with two or three spades, three hearts, four or five diamonds, and two to four clubs; giving the opponents 24-26 hcp, partner rates to have about 7-9. I’d lead a trump since dummy may have ruffing values in two suits and we may be able to lead trumps two or three times; a diamond lead might gain a defensive ruff but risks establishing discards for declarer.

North wins the trump lead with his ten and immediately runs the ten of diamonds. If this loses, West cannot profitably attack spades, and declarer collects five trumps, three diamonds and two clubs for +420. As it happens, the spades lie favorably and a ruffing finesse in diamonds can set up 11 tricks, but that looks riskier than the straight finesse. Declarer takes the finesse early, keeping a high trump in dummy as an entry.

Monday, March 4, 2013

Sunday, March 3rd 2013

Right-click here for hands & results.


Board 3
South Deals
E-W Vul
10 3 2
10 8
J 10 7 5
10 9 4 3
A J 8 4
A 3
A Q 9 3
A 6 5
N
WE
S
K 7 5
Q J 9 7 6
K
K Q 8 7
Q 9 6
K 5 4 2
8 6 4 2
J 2
 West could upgrade to 20 hcp for the four Aces, but the hand has great slam potential in diamonds and it can be difficult to reach minor suit slams after the space-eating 2NT opening. After 1D-1H, West jump shifts to 2S, creating a game force. I hear some people describe such as jumps as "at least 17 points"; where did that come from? Regardless of high card strength, the bid is game-forcing opposite a presumed six "points", not necessarily all in high cards, so it indicates a hand worth 20 or more. East adds his 14 hcp, or 13 deducting for no Ace; partner must have some Aces for his jump so slam chances look bright. Best move is to rebid 2NT; this shows club values and gives partner maximum room to clarify his shape. Opener would bid 3C with 4-1-4-4 or 4-0-5-4 shape; 3D with 4-6; 3H with 4-3-4-2 or 4-3-5-1; 3S with 5-6; otherwise 3NT, as on today's layout. This balanced rebid suggests opener has at least 19 hcp for the jump shift -- a balanced 18 should simply rebid 1S in case partner's response was on the light side. So, East can reasonably raise to 6NT in standard methods. If partner is known to be frisky with his jump shifts, East can invite with a quantitative 4NT. As a raise of notrump and following his own notrump rebid, this should not be mistaken for any sort of Blackwood. West should certainly accept.

South can assume partner is virtually broke, and should not risk leading from an honor; I'd try the six of diamonds, second high from a poor four-card suit. East wins and counts 2 fast spades, 3 diamonds, 3 clubs, and at least 2 hearts with a probable loser. Hearts may provide up to four tricks (enough for slam), spades and clubs have extra chances, and there are squeeze possibilities in every suit. Best is a low heart to the Ace, then back toward the Queen, hoping to catch a stiff King, Kx(x) with North, or to smother 10x(x) in either hand. North's ten on the second round brings home the slam.

If East tries running the Queen of hearts, South should not cover -- the bidding tells him that there is little hope of promoting anything for partner, and simply ducking insures the King cannot be captured. If East had QJ109x, running the Queen would be correct. Three of nine pairs bid and made slam; someone apparently passed opener's jump -- I doubt they'll do that again!


Board 9
North Deals
E-W Vul
7
K 8 4
9 8 4 3
K J 5 3 2
K Q 2
A Q J 6
K 6 2
Q 8 6
N
WE
S
A J 10 5
3 2
A 10 7 5
10 9 7
9 8 6 4 3
10 9 7 5
Q J
A 4
No slam here; every West player landed in 3NT and failed on the normal club lead. With only seven fast winners, declarer should aim to keep more than one threat for an eighth trick: pitch a heart and a diamond from each hand. After cashing the setting trick North exits with a spade or diamond. West cashes the King of diamonds; when South drops the Queen or Jack, the odds are 2-1 he did not start with both, so a diamond finesse offers good odds. But declarer may as well cash his spades first, playing off the KQ in hand first to avoid blocking the suit. He can pitch another heart on the fourth spade. North must find three red-suit discards, and West should watch those carefully. Let's say North pitches two diamonds and one heart. Declarer can play for the drop in one suit and then finesse in the other; I wouldn't cash out for down two. Although the diamond finesse offers better odds, so does playing for the drop in that suit. Guessing correctly (or a defensive error) ties for a top at down one.

Board 15
South Deals
N-S Vul
7 5
K 8 4 2
8 5
K Q 6 5 2
K 6 4 3 2
J 10 5
K
J 8 4 3
N
WE
S
Q 10 8
Q 9 7 6 3
9 6 4 3
10
A J 9
A
A Q J 10 7 2
A 9 7
South might open 2C if his long suit were a major, but with diamonds game is unlikely if partner passes 1D. A 1S response would be awkward, but over North's expected 1H South can simply leap to 3NT, suggesting a long suit as a source of tricks. Over a 1S response I'd manufacture a 3C jump shift, hoping to reach 3NT, 4S or five of a minor. (The direct 3NT leap would not be be safe on the expected heart lead.)

North suspects slam may be possible, especially if partner fits clubs; but 3NT typically suggests 7 or 8 running tricks and anything beyond 3NT could be risky. West leads his fourth-best spade, East plays the Queen and South wins, leaving the J9 as a partial guard. To keep East off lead, declarer crosses to dummy with a club and leads a diamond to his Queen. If West persists with spades declarer finishes with 12 tricks; a heart shift into North's empty suit will probably hold him to +660. +660 or better scores well as several pairs missed game: 1D-1H; 3D, North passing for lack of a spade stopper and doubts about the five level. South is clearly to strong for any non-forcing, non-game rebid.

Several Norths played 3NT; perhaps South manufactured a 2S jump shift: 1D-1H; 2S-2NT-3NT. Fudging a major suit is always risky but responder should be aware that opener has limited choices for forcing rebids. Responder should never jump-raise opener's reverse or jump-shifted second suit; say responder had KQxx Kxxx xx xxx and the bidding starts 1D-1H; 2S. The 2S bid is game-forcing, so responder need simply raise to 3S. If opener now bids 3NT or 4D or 4H, responder should suspect the jump was into a manufactured suit and avoid insisting on spades as trumps.

With North as declarer it is not automatic for East to lead a spade, and certainly unlikely if South jumped in that suit. East may avoid leading one of the bid suits (hearts and diamonds) and so may try his singleton club, hoping partner has some length there and entries. This gives declarer time to set up the fifth club for +690; one declarer appears to have dropped the King of diamonds, but I don't see any reason for that play at matchpoints.


Sunday A

Board 16
West Deals
E-W Vul
K 6
A K Q J 7 6 4
K 8 7 4
7 5 4 3
K 9 8 5 4 3
10 2
Q
N
WE
S
A Q J 9 8
Q J 7
3
10 9 6 3
10 2
A 10 6 2
9 8 5
A J 5 2
North opens 1D, East overcalls 1S and South doubles (negative) to show hearts. West should raise preemptively to 3S; an invitational hand could redouble or cue-bid or perhaps 2NT as an extension of the Jordan convention (same logic, redouble = balanced with strength, don't need 2NT as a natural bid, but don't try this without explicit discussion and agreement beforehand.)

North must guess; with 8 tricks on the likely spade lead I'd gamble 3NT, which likely ends the bidding -- East should not risk 4S vulnerable. On lead, East expects the long diamonds and Kx(x) in spades; he may try a low club, hoping declarer will come up a trick short without the free spade finesse. North counts ten fast winners; West must be kept off lead, so it seems right to try the Jack of clubs at trick one rather than winning the Ace or King and testing the clubs later. Unfortunately West's singleton is the Queen (it could as easily have been the ten or nine) so there is no immediate gain in clubs. North will cash winners but careful defense may hold declarer to +430. That's better than many pairs managed, languishing in a minor-suit partial or a mere +400 at 5D. Hamman's Rule (paraphrased): When 3NT might be right, don't make a bid that excludes that possibility. Against 3NT, two Easts appear to have led the normal-looking Queen of spades and failed to guard clubs, allowing declarer to run all the tricks.

Board 27
South Deals
None Vul
K Q 7 6 3 2
A
A 9 3
A 10 2
9 8
10 9 6
Q 6 2
K J 5 4 3
N
WE
S
J
8 7 5 4 3 2
K 10 7 4
Q 9
A 10 5 4
K Q J
J 8 5
8 7 6

North opens a hefty 1S and South shows a limit raise, either with a simple jump to 3S or using 2C as the passed-hand Reverse Fit Drury convention. That's a nice gadget but not crucial and oh so easy to forget -- put this way down on your list of things to add to your card. Over 3S North counts five losers; the invitational jump suggests 3.5 cover cards -- a simple raise ranges from around 1.5 to 3, while with four likely tricks responder should force to game. (An opening bid tends to have seven losers, so 7-4 = 3, or ten winners.) So, slam is possible but not too likely. North can take at it with a 4C control cue-bid -- clearly a slam try since it commits the side to the four level and the jump raise leaves no doubt about which suit will be trumps. South cooperates with a 4H control bid; this suggests duplication of values and North's 4S ends the bidding. You should have several such "slam interest" auctions which end at game for every hand that actually bids six.

If anyone does play Reverse Fit Drury, the N/S auction proceeds pass-1S; 2C (Alert! -- limit raise or better.) Have you discussed opener's rebids after this point? The usual agreements are that 4S is to play; 2S shows less than an opening bid (light opening after partner has passed); while 2D confirms opening bid values but generally rejects the game invitation. Although both bids aim to stop at 2S, the distinction can be important if the opponents decide to compete. Meanwhile, today's hand can jump to 3S as a slam invitation. Note how an incomplete agreement can leave N/S in worse shape than without the gadget -- what can North bid if he isn't certain what bids are forcing? Many gadgets sound simple when first explained, but hidden dangers appear when you have a hand out of the ordinary. Aim to be thoroughly familiar with basic methods before you load up on gadgets -- good bidding is much more about good judgment than complex agreements.

Absent any slam suggestion East should try a low diamond, hoping to catch some help from partner; on the stronger sequence leading from the worthless hearts is safer, hoping not to pickle an honor in partner's presumably weak hand. Declarer takes 11 tricks on any lead for a near-flat board -- one pair over-reached to 6NT; perhaps North thought this was a 2C opening, or just got over-eager after the jump raise.



Tuesday, February 26, 2013

Monday, February 25th 2013

I've had some requests to copy the hand diagrams into my blog; full results are here. I usually right-click and select "open in new tab", but I'll try to copy the hands also.

Board 3
South Deals
E-W Vul
10 8
Q 9 4
K J 8 3
A Q 6 3
A 7 6 5 3 2
6 5
K 8 7 5 4
N
WE
S
4
J 10 7 5
Q 10 9 7 4 2
J 9
K Q J 9
A K 8 6 3 2
A
10 2
South opens 1H; West overcalls 1S, 2S or a Michaels 2H cue-bid. With six in the major I would be inclined simply to bid it, but the relatively weak suit makes 2H an attractive choice. In a major, I prefer to always have at least 5-5 shape for this bid. North has enough to force to game, but a leap to 4H would suggest a shapelier hand with fewer high cards. This distinction can be important if partner has interest in slam or if the enemy bids again. A cue-bid of an overcalled suit generally promises invitational or better values with support for partner; here, as the 2H bid implies spades, 2S looks right.

East passes, guessing (correctly) that partner has clubs, not diamonds. South counts four losers and the cue-bid suggests better than three cover cards, so slam prospects look bright. Lacking a club control, South should not leap to 4NT, but should attempt to start a control cue-bidding sequence. 3D at this point may sound like a game try, and partner's expected leap to 4H will not reveal whether he has clubs under control; better, then, to cue-bid 3S, a clear-cut slam try as long as 2S promised support. (This agreement is logical since a responder with a good hand lacking support could simply bid a new suit.) Old-fashioned cue-bidding required first-round control on the first round of cue-bidding, but it is more efficient to allow first or second round controls and then use 4NT to make sure you aren't missing two Aces or key cards.

North cooperates with 4C over 3S, and now South can safely bid 4NT. North replies 5D if playing Blackwood or RKCB (3014 responses) and South should gamble 6S. "1430" bidders will have room to check on the Queen: 4NT-5C; 5D-5S (second step = yes) or 6D (showing the Queen of trumps plus the King of diamonds.) 

Leading an Ace against a slam can be costly, but on balance is probably best in most cases against six of a suit. When dummy appears, there is little West can hope for besides hoping for a ruff; if partner has another trick coming there is little West can do to help. All 6H bidders appear to have suffered from the same defense.

With such length and strength in spades, should South have considered 6NT? Perhaps, but this depends on North's extra values. Best would be 6NT by North, protecting against a club lead (West could easily have spades and diamonds rather than spades and clubs.) I don't see an obvious way to reach that ideal contract.

Monday, February 25, 2013

Sunday, February 24th 2013

Right-click here for hands.

Board 3: If West likes to have either a good suit or a good hand for a weak two, 2H is a reasonable opening; J109763 will play well opposite any honor. Pass is also reasonable with no top honor. If the style is to avoid opening a weak hand with a weak suit, especially vulnerable, East can picture six hearts and two side winners. That doesn't look like enough for slam unless West has an unlikely club singleton, so East should be content with 4H.

If West passes, North should open 3C. When you don't have a weak two available for a suit, a strong six-card suit is worth a three bid unless vulnerable vs. not. East doubles for takeout and West leaps to 4H. Counting five losers, East should not expect a passed hand to cover four of them. A stiff club is a possibility but is against the odds.

If both West and North pass East opens 2NT (20-21.) Counting 10 hcp and two for the long suit, West contemplates slam; but such scattered values are unappealing. Can we picture a 20 point hand that makes for a good slam? Perhaps Kxx Axx AQJx AJx -- if North has ether or both heart honors, you'll lose only one trump. But any other heart holding will probably leave you short of tricks or controls, as with today's actual East hand. I would transfer to hearts and settle for game. Note that if either player invokes key-card, they get the wrong information -- it's the hands with not too much in trumps that have the best slam chances.

Board 7: West opens 1NT (15-17) and East ponders his 13 hcp 1444 hand. There might be a slam in any of the three suits, but the singleton Ace isn't very useful. Sure, you won't lose any spades, but part of the value of an Ace is it's control and combining value. The singleton already prevents two losers in the suit and if partner has much in spades, he won't have enough elsewhere. East bids Stayman followed by 3NT. Six clubs actually makes if you ruff one diamond low and another high before pulling trumps, but you still need the heart finesse.

Board 9: A routine 3S-4S auction. North's trumps are better than they might be at this vulnerabilty, the Queen of hearts is gold and the King is in the slot; declarer runs all the tricks if East does not lead off with the Ace of diamonds. It's less risky than usual to lead an unsupported Ace vs. a preempt; did you know that "Ace from Ace-King" is not supposed to apply against preempts or slam bids (or in partner's suit, or vs. notrump, or after the opening lead...) ? But the auction doesn't give East many clues and a trump lead seems reasonable with stuff in every side suit.

Board 17: East opens 1H, West responds 2D, and East leaps to 3H. Such a jump is game-forcing no matter how you play your 2/1 bids, but does not fully describe East's power. West bids 3NT to deny a fit -- no reason to mention the spades, opener would not jump with a side major suit.

If the 2D bid was game forcing, East can assume partner has the suit controlled and proceed with 4NT; following the jump, I would take this as RCKB rather than a quantitative invitation. West shows two key cards and East bids 6H or perhaps 6NT -- all side suits seem well-controlled and the two red suits may provide enough tricks. With no missing key card it would generally pay to play in the suit, where you may have a better shot at an overtrick. Playing straight Blackwood, East should bid 5NT to confirm all the Aces, then settle for 6H when West shows only one King -- either or both red suit Kings are missing. One finesse wins, one fails, slam makes easily. A lucky Kxx in the slot and the ability to ruff out the King of hearts makes 7D a magic contract, not one you'd want to bid.

Board 20: West and East bid 1S-2C; 2H-3H, and West can leap to 4NT and place the hand in slam. North should pass smoothly, East might have KJxx of trumps and/or a double may assist declarer in the play. In fact, 6H can be made double-dummy on a trump coup, but North's unexpected stiff diamond practically insures West cannot guess the winning line in actual play.

Suppose North doubles and leads his singleton diamond. West wins in hand, cashes the Ace of spades and ruffs a spade, noting the fall of South's KJ.  A trump to the Ace allows another spade ruff, confirming South's doubleton. Now declarer tries to cash his diamonds, hoping to strip North's side suits; but North ruffs and exits with, say, a club.  Declarer ruffs one more spade and cashes club winners, eventually conceding one more trump for down one.

Saturday, February 16, 2013

Friday, February 15th 2013

Nine slams! Right-click here for hands.

Board 1: North opens 1C, 1D or perhaps 1NT (1444 with a stiff Ace.) I would probably choose 1D, allowing for an easy 2C rebid. Negative doubles will help uncover a heart fit if the enemy bids spades. East either preempts 3S or passes; I would not bother with a 2S jump on such a weak hand. Only 3 hcp and poor 7222 shape, but not vulnerable and a decent K109xxxx suit. I tend not to open such hands in first or second seat, as I feel partner may suffer more than the enemy, but once they've opened partnerr is less likely to have a good hand and preempting seems fine. This is a four-trick overbid but the hand has all offense, zero defense, so if they actually set you four tricks doubled they may well have misssed a slam.

South has a real problem over 3S: no spade stopper and no heart suit for a negative double, but 12 hcp is too much to pass, and the shortage in spades means you can't count on partner backing in (he is less likely to be short also.) South can bid 4C, 4D if that's what partner opened, or force to game with 4S. The hand does not look strong enough for 4S so I'd settle for 4 of partner's suit (chances are much higher he has four of them in light of the preempt.)

West has a fit, some offensive values, and little defense against either minor. Bidding 4S rates to chase them into a game or slam you can't beat; it may, however, deprive North of a 4S cue-bid. Since it feels like they have  slam, I'd try 4S, planning to sell out to anything they bid.

North has a fistful of quick tricks but no great shape; I'd take the money at 4S doubled. If partner overuled my by pulling the double, I'd bid slam. N/S collect six tricks on defense for +500 and a near top; only one pair bid slam, possibly against less aggressive E/W bidding.

Board 3: West opens 1D. East has a powerful hand, but only 14 hcp, a broken suit and the void opposite partner suggests a simple 1S response rather than a strong jump shift. West rebids 2C which greatly improves East's hand. East counts five losers and can hope to pitch a heart on something in diamonds. Slam looks good opposite something like Kx xx Axxxx AJxx. East can show the fit and slam interest by jumping to 4C; with merely game interest East should not rule out 3NT. I think, however, a "scientific" 2H bid may be best -- most play this as potentially artificial (the "fourth suit" gadget.) I recommend playing this as game-forcing. One consideration is that East's clubs are really too poor to insist on slam.

West alerts 2H and rebids his chunky diamonds. East can now rebid spades, forcing, and West raises to game. Qx is plenty of support at your third opportunity: West denied four spades by not raising immediately, and with three would certainly have taken a preference to 2S over 2H.

Should East continue or be satisfied with 4S? West's diamond bids are discouraging, and overall I don't think East should risk another bid. In fact, slam requires luck in both black suits and +680 ties for top score. In a team game against a stronger team you might gamble on slam, but at matchpoints it's better not to risk the five level if you do not clearly have the values for slam.

Board 4: West opens 1D -- even if you normally require 12 hcp for an opening bid, you should certainly upgrade for the powerful six-card suit and all those tens. East responds 1S.  West has a wealth of playing strength, but a leap to 3S or 4S risks sounding like more high cards. I think 2S is practical; this is unlikely to be passed out and you may be better able to judge what to do with more information. 3S is also reasonable on values.

East has a clear raise to game, which could be a laydown opposite as little as KJxx x Axxxx Kxx. The singleton in partner's suit isn't ideal, but the side Axx suggests you may be able to use diamond values for discards. I think West should pass this, but if East makes any sort of game try or even merely competes to 3S West should bid game.

If West raises to 3S rather than 2, East should picture a shapely hand (given the failure to open 1NT.) Slam is possible but duplication of values in diamonds seems likely. I'd settle for game as East, but a 4C control cue-bid would not be outrageous. No one bid slam, and making twelve tricks requires guessing the King of diamonds -- on today's hand, the ruffing finesse against North works. I assume the 2D players opened a weak two as West -- not recommended with such good spades.

Board 5: North opens one heart; East should pass or jump to 3C -- this poor, Aceless 8 count with wasted values in the enemy suit is certainly not worth a two level overcall even at favorable vulnerability. Assuming 1H-pass-pass, West re-opens with a double. North is strong and shapely enough to compete with 2D despite partner's pass and the adverse vulnerability. East competes, either in spades or perhaps 3C, planning to bid 3S later (suggesting this sort of 4-6 hand.) South, havng passed, can come alive with his double fit. The vulnerability argues against anything higher than 3H.

OK, let's assume 1H-p-p-dbl; 2D-3C-3H-? West bids 3S, trusting partner won't pass after bidding 3C freely. East raises to 4S and West leaps to 6C; East corrects back to 6S, trusting partner to have good spades for his double-then-bid-a-suit sequence.

If instead the bidding starts (1H)-p-(p)-dbl; (2D)-2S-(3H)-? West may continue with 4H, but I don't know that East would continue toward slam. If South remains silent due to the vulnerability, West can splinter in hearts:
(1H)-p-(p)-dbl; (2D)-2S-(p)-4H would clearly show spade support, slam interest and 0-1 hearts.  East could then reasonably proceed with 4NT (RKCB): 4NT-5C (0 or 3, obviously not 0 given the strong bidding); 5D-5S or 5NT (Queen ask; yes = second step or anything but 5S)-6S. Two pairs reached this excellent slam.

Board 6: East opens 1S; West has more than enough for a strong jump to 3D, but can easily drive to slam without that tool. A possible 2/1 game force sequence might begin 1S-2D; 3C-3S; 4S and West hasn't really learned anything except to hope East has a club control or his bid discourages such a lead. So, 4NT-5H (2 key cards, no Queen); 5NT-6D; 6S. West can count 11 obvious tricks and expect to set up the fifth diamond; with all the Aces and top trumps 6S is a better matchpoint shot than 6NT, as the trump suit may help set up an overtrick or prevent multiple undertricks. Thirteen tricks roll in when the Queen of clubs drops, but the only pair to bid a grand failed to make it. Top score went to 6NT but that would be a scary contract on a heart lead. No need to be greedy in the bidding -- 6S making 7 was worth 70% of the matchpoints.

Board 7: Was the dealing machine stuck or what? Nah, just a fluky day. South opens either 2NT or 2C, upgrading for the strong spades along with three Aces. Over 2NT, North bids 3C (Stayman) and then 4C, natural and forcing. Any other interpretation makes this sort of hand a nightmare to bid; my usual agreement is that 4C is Gerber if and only if it is a direct jump over partner's 1NT or 2NT. South shows his slam interest with a 4D control cue-bid, implicitly showing support for clubs. A player who opens in notrump does NOT start bidding suits, uninvited, at the four level. Lacking control of hearts, North retreats to 5C, but South has too many controls to settle for that and raises to 6C.

If South opens 2C, North bids a natural, slam-positive 3C, suggesting 8+ hcp and a fair 5+ card suit. Those who play 2D "waiting" should especially strain to bid 3C, as clubs on the next round would usually be an artificial "second negative". "Steps" bidders, of course, respond 2NT to show 10-12 hcp.

After 2C-3C, South may as well show his spades, planning to drive to slam in one black suit or the other. North, having shown a positive hand, simply bids 3NT to deny a fit for opener. South bids 4C to set trumps and basically avoids making any bid that could be passed short of slam. 6C looks right as the spade suit may be establishable by way of a ruff or two; but with 11 hcp North corrects to the higher-scoring 6NT.

Board 11: North opens 1H and East ponders how to launch his 23 hcp monster. One approach would be to start with a takeout double, but it will be hard to show both suits. A Michaels cue-bid shows five spades and a five-card minor; East can then hope to show his strength with additional cue-bids, but ultimately he will probably have to guess how high to bid. The Queen of hearts is something of a liability, since North will have other values for his opening bid and partner is probably broke.

Some brave souls will leap to 4H with South's zero-point wonder, based on the known 5-5 fit; but I suspect this will often help E/W evaluate their cards. Assuming South passes, West bids 2S. Since he did not ask for East's minor, I think 3D by East should be strong and forcing; West should like his double-big-fit hand enough to jump to game. I would treat East's 3D bid as equivalent to a 1S opening, 2S raise and 3D game try -- and West can reasonably expect to provide three tricks. East bids 4NT and ends the bidding at 6S after the one-Ace or keycard reply.

Board 12: North opens 1C; East may overcall 1D (not vulnerable.) This bid takes up little room but may direct a good lead or allow partner to raise. Over a pass, South has a fine strong jump to 2S; in competition, however, most play weak jump shifts so South bids a simple 1S. North rebids 1NT and South forces with 2D, either a cue-bid or, if East passsed originally, "New Minor Forcing", showing at least game-invitational values and 5+ spades. North bids 2H (South could be 5-4.) South could now bid 3C, forcing (since 3C last round would have invitational) but he cannot reasonably expect any enthusiasm from his control-poor partner. Better is a jump to 4C, forcing with slam interest. North's failure to bid 2S suggests a doubleton AND therefore four clubs; the spade suit can be set up via ruffs. South must leap to 6C or bid something he is confident partner won't pass. One pair reached the excellent 5-2 spade slam; two made all thirteen tricks at 6C when East failed to lead his Ace of diamonds.

Board 18: East opens 2C; West is a bit below the usual 8 hcp for a slam-positive response and so replies 2D (negative, waiting or semi-positive) or a "steps" 2H (4-6 hcp.) East has an awkward hand for 2C: no five card major or six card minor, yet unbalanced. I think the overwhelming majority of experts would treat the hand as balanced (thanks ot the stiff Ace) and rebid either 3NT or 2NT if partner's bid promised some values.

2C-2D (negative or waiting); 3NT-4H (transfer, "systems on" since the first two bids were artificial and notrump was the first natural bid for our side); double by North (lead-directing); 4S by East (who would pass over the double with only two spades; partner can redouble to insist on the transfer.) West has the values for slam but lacks side controls, especially in the doubled suit (hearts); a raise to 5S invites slam if partner controls hearts. East not only controls hearts but everything else in sight; partner must have good spades for his slam try so a move toward grand slam is justified. East either leaps to 7S or trots out 5NT as the Grand Slam Force. No one reached the excellent grand and two pairs languished at 3NT.

2C-2D (semi-positive) or 2H (steps, 4-6); ? After a semi-positive, game-forcing response, East can bid 2NT on a wider range, allowing West more room to explore for the best contract. I would assume 2NT = 22-27 and 3NT = 28-30 (virtually a slam force) but discuss this with partner. After 2C-2D-2NT, West may have available both a Jacoby transfer (3H) and Texas (4H.) Texas is used when responder has six or more trumps and is sure about level: either definitely game or definetely slam. Over the wide-ranging 2NT, West is uncertain about level and so should plan a 3H-then 4S sequence to invite slam. North doubles hearts, of course; East bids 3S and continues toward slam after West's raise. If Texas transfers are not in the arsenal (don't think you must play them, they are quite rare) North should "super-accept" by leaping to 4S, which should inspire West to try 5S.